Gold Biotechnology is the collection of tools and data used to research all other categories of biotechnology. Without bioinformatics, complex biotechnology wouldn't exist. Studying the genomics, structures, and functions of cells gives us the information we need to actively solve world problems. International databases with the collective information of numerous tools are ever-growing.
Creating Mechanistic Models of cells' behaviors is the basis of all biotechnology. Mechanistic models are theories which are tested and adjusted as they yield useful results. These models are developed while studying and testing cellular structure and responses. Data is collected from cellular behavior to whole-body function.
If the process or mechanisms are unknown, scientists rely on Data-Driven Models. These are based in complex mathematics and statistics rather than known cellular biology. This grants enough information to suggest clinical treatments. The creation and development of mechanistic models relies on data-driven models. (Collin)
A growing complication for Red (Medicinal) Biotechnology is antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Many medicines utilize similar approaches to fight infections. Gold Biotechnology surrounding pathogenic bacteria is necessary for the creation of novel medicine. Using diverse mechanisms of action to fight diseases combats antibiotic resistance. (Martin)
Genome Sequencing is the study of DNA structure. Scientists collect this data to identify disease-related mutations such as obesity, diabetes, mental illnesses, cancer, and more. Understanding the source of such disorders is invaluable to personalized medicine and gene therapy. (Wang)
Antibiotic Resistance is of increasing concern to the medical community. As bacteria mutate to render antibiotics ineffective, new drugs and models must be crafted to keep medicine up to date.
Plant diseases are a perpetual concern for farmers. Antimicrobial pesticides from Green (Plant) Biotechnology are a traditional approach to coping with the problem. The consequence has become antibiotic-resistant diseases.
Using Gold Biotechnology, a new approach has appeared in the form of manufactured viruses. Phage Cocktails are agents which exclusively target undesirable microorganisms and self-propagate rapidly. The possibility of resistance development is minimal. First, careful study of the structures and functions in the undesirable microorganisms is required. (Farooq)
In Brown (Desert) Biotechnology, bioinformatics related to plant drought tolerance is a popular resource. Plants use molecular mechanisms to cope with many biotic and abiotic stresses. We study the mechanisms of resilient plants and introduce them to vulnerable plants.
Collin CB, Gebhardt T, Golebiewski M, Karaderi T, Hillemanns M, Khan FM, Salehzadeh-Yazdi A, Kirschner M, Krobitsch S, Eu-Stands Pm Consortium, Kuepfer L. Computational Models for Clinical Applications in Personalized Medicine-Guidelines and Recommendations for Data Integration and Model Validation. J Pers Med. 2022 Jan 26;12(2):166. doi: 10.3390/jpm12020166. PMID: 35207655; PMCID: PMC8879572.
Farooq T, Hussain MD, Shakeel MT, Tariqjaveed M, Aslam MN, Naqvi SAH, Amjad R, Tang Y, She X, He Z. Deploying Viruses against Phytobacteria: Potential Use of Phage Cocktails as a Multifaceted Approach to Combat Resistant Bacterial Plant Pathogens. Viruses. 2022 Jan 18;14(2):171. Doi: 10.3390/v14020171. PMID: 35215763; PMCID: PMC8879233.
MartÃn-Galiano, A. J., & McConnell, M. J. (2019). Using Omics Technologies and Systems Biology to Identify Epitope Targets for the Development of Monoclonal Antibodies Against Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria. Frontiers in immunology, 10, 2841. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2019.02841
Wang YC, Wu Y, Choi J, Allington G, Zhao S, Khanfar M, Yang K, Fu PY, Wrubel M, Yu X, Mekbib KY, Ocken J, Smith H, Shohfi J, Kahle KT, Lu Q, Jin SC. Computational Genomics in the Era of Precision Medicine: Applications to Variant Analysis and Gene Therapy. J Pers Med. 2022 Jan 27;12(2):175. doi: 10.3390/jpm12020175. PMID: 35207663; PMCID: PMC8878256.
Zargar SM, Mir RA, Ebinezer LB, Masi A, Hami A, Manzoor M, Salgotra RK, Sofi NR, Mushtaq R, Rohila JS, Rakwal R. Physiological and Multi-Omics Approaches for Explaining Drought Stress Tolerance and Supporting Sustainable Production of Rice. Front Plant Sci. 2022 Jan 27;12:803603. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2021.803603. PMID: 35154193; PMCID: PMC8829427.
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